Cannabis
Does Cannabis Oil Affect Fertility? A Guide to THC and CBD
Psychologist | Specialist Writer in Psychology & Behavioural Science
Sep 25, 2025
In today’s wellness landscape, cannabis oils—particularly CBD—are marketed as natural remedies for everything from anxiety to inflammation. Many couples striving to optimise their health during preconception find themselves asking: can a “natural” oil interfere with the natural process of fertility?
The truth is more complicated than marketing slogans suggest. Cannabis oils are not inert supplements. They contain bioactive cannabinoids that interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS), a master regulator of reproduction. Disruptions to this system have been linked to altered sperm production, impaired ovulation, and even effects on embryo implantation.¹
This guide will take you through the latest evidence on THC and CBD oils, explain why the ECS makes these compounds uniquely disruptive to fertility, and outline the safest approach for couples prioritising reproductive wellness.
Direct Answers
Does THC oil affect fertility? Yes. THC in cannabis oil disrupts reproductive hormones in both men (reducing sperm health) and women (interfering with ovulation).
Is CBD oil a safe alternative? Not necessarily. The major risk with commercial CBD oil is mislabeling and undeclared THC contamination.
Can pure CBD affect fertility? Possibly. While human studies are limited, animal research shows that CBD can interfere with the ECS, which regulates both sperm and ovulation.
What is the safest approach? Reproductive specialists consistently recommend abstaining from all cannabis oils during preconception and fertility treatment.
The Endocannabinoid System: Why Even “Natural” Compounds Interfere
Before separating THC and CBD, it’s crucial to understand why cannabis oils affect fertility in the first place. Your body already produces its own cannabis-like compounds, known as endocannabinoids, which are part of the endocannabinoid system (ECS).
The ECS is a vast signaling network of receptors located in the brain, immune system, and reproductive organs. It regulates processes central to fertility:
In women: ovulation, egg maturation, and embryo implantation.
In men: sperm production, motility, and the ability of sperm to fertilise the egg.
When you consume cannabis oils, external cannabinoids (like THC and CBD) enter this finely balanced system. Unlike a mild herbal supplement, these compounds are potent modulators of ECS signaling. Adding them is like may disrupt a control panel: the natural timing of hormone release, ovulation, or sperm development can be disrupted.
Clinical and experimental research reinforces this concern. A 2022 review in the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology concluded that cannabinoids—including both THC and CBD—can alter reproductive health by disturbing ECS balance in the ovaries, testes, and placenta. These disruptions have been linked not only to lower fertility but also to complications in pregnancy outcomes.²
This means that even “natural” CBD oil is not biologically neutral. Any external cannabinoid has the potential to interfere with one of the body’s most delicate regulatory systems.
The Known Risks of THC Oil for Fertility
THC-dominant cannabis oil carries the same reproductive risks as smoking or vaping high-THC cannabis, with the added concern of concentrated dosing. The psychoactive cannabinoid THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) interferes directly with the body’s endocrine system, disrupting the hormones that regulate ovulation in women and spermatogenesis in men.
In men: THC exposure has been linked to reduced sperm count, concentration, and motility. Long-term use can interfere with testosterone regulation, impair sperm maturation, and compromise fertilisation capacity.
In women: THC may suppress the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge required to trigger ovulation. Without this signal, egg release is delayed or prevented, reducing the chances of conception.
Animal studies provide further mechanistic insight. A 2023 toxicology study found that cannabinoid exposure(THC) during pre-puberty altered spermatogenesis, disrupted steroid hormone production, and affected key reproductive pathways.³ These findings reinforce that THC is not simply a lifestyle factor — it directly interacts with the body’s reproductive machinery.
For couples trying to conceive, this means that any THC oil use is a known risk factor. While lifestyle choices like stress and sleep matter, the evidence for THC’s negative impact on fertility is consistent enough that reproductive specialists universally recommend complete abstinence.
CBD Oil and Fertility: Is It a Safer Choice?
CBD oil is often marketed as the “safe” wellness option compared to THC oil. However, the science suggests that CBD is not risk-free — both because of what it may do biologically on its own, and because of the poor regulation of CBD products that often results in hidden THC exposure.
Two main concerns emerge:
Emerging biological evidence — Pure CBD is not inert. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a central regulator of reproductive health, and high doses of CBD can interfere with this signaling network. Laboratory research has shown that cannabinoids can disrupt the delicate environment of the ovarian follicle, where egg maturation takes place, by altering epigenetic integrity and ECS function.⁴ Such disruptions may compromise ovulation, egg quality, and ultimately fertility.
Regulation and contamination risk — Unlike prescription medicines, the CBD market is poorly regulated. Many “pure CBD” oils sold online and in wellness shops have been shown to contain undeclared THC. For couples trying to conceive, this means that even if CBD itself has limited direct risk, contamination with THC can expose users to the well-documented reproductive harms of cannabis.
In practice, CBD oil may be safer than THC oil but is not entirely safe for fertility. Couples planning pregnancy should treat it with caution, and ideally abstain, especially during the preconception window.
What Clinical Research Says About CBD
Human research on CBD and fertility is still limited compared to THC, but what does exist challenges the notion that CBD is harmless. While animal studies have shown that high doses of CBD can interfere with sperm development and sex hormone levels, the clinical impact is best observed in fertility treatment outcomes.
A 2021 cohort study on couples undergoing in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) found that cannabis use — including products marketed as CBD oils — was associated with lower success rates.⁵ The reasons appear to be multifactorial: cannabinoid exposure can alter hormone signaling, impair egg and sperm quality, and interfere with embryo implantation. This suggests that even if CBD is less potent than THC in disrupting reproduction, its presence (alone or in contaminated products) may reduce the chances of conception when couples are actively seeking treatment.
For couples investing time, finances, and emotional energy into fertility treatments, this is a significant finding. Even if CBD oil is perceived as “natural” or stress-relieving, the potential trade-off in reproductive success outweighs its short-term wellness appeal.
The takeaway? CBD oil is not risk-free for fertility. Both its direct biological effects and its ability to compromise fertility treatment outcomes make abstinence the most responsible choice for couples trying to conceive.
The Hidden Risk: THC Contamination in Wellness CBD Oils
For couples trying to conceive, the biggest and most immediate risk of using CBD oil is not CBD itself, but hidden THC contamination. The wellness market is poorly regulated, and many products marketed as “pure CBD” contain measurable levels of THC — sometimes enough to cause intoxication or physiological effects.
This contamination risk is more than theoretical. A landmark JAMA investigation revealed that nearly 70% of CBD products sold online were mislabeled, with many containing undeclared THC. For a couple trying to conceive, this means you may be exposing yourself to all the well-documented reproductive harms of THC oil without even realising it.
Clinical fertility research underscores why this is dangerous. A 2019 study of couples undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as IVF and IUI, found that marijuana smoking was linked to lower success rates of infertility treatment.⁶ While the study focused on marijuana rather than mislabeled CBD oils, the mechanism is the same: THC disrupts reproductive hormones, sperm function, and ovulation. If a CBD oil is contaminated with THC, it may undermine months of fertility preparation or expensive treatments.
In other words, the CBD oil market is a gamble couples can’t afford to take. The only safeguard is verifying products through independent lab testing — but even then, complete abstinence during preconception remains the safest option.
Full-Spectrum, Broad-Spectrum, Isolate: Does It Matter?
Not all CBD oils are created equal. Product labeling — full-spectrum, broad-spectrum, or isolate — makes a critical difference in their risk profile. For couples trying to conceive, understanding this distinction is essential.
Full-Spectrum CBD Oil: By design, this contains all cannabinoids found in the plant, including up to 0.3% THC (legal threshold in the U.S.). This may sound negligible, but with regular use, even trace THC can accumulate, disrupting ovulation in women and impairing sperm quality in men.
Broad-Spectrum CBD Oil: Marketed as THC-free while retaining other cannabinoids. However, the removal process is not always complete, meaning trace THC can still be present.
CBD Isolate: The purest form, containing only CBD. While it has the lowest contamination risk, studies suggest that CBD alone is not biologically inert and may still affect reproductive signaling through the endocannabinoid system.
A 2021 review on cannabis and reproductive health found that preconception and early gestational exposure to cannabinoids — including trace amounts — can affect fertility outcomes and early pregnancy health.⁷ The review emphasized that cannabinoids act on critical pathways regulating ovulation, sperm function, and implantation. This means that even formulations marketed as “clean” or “broad-spectrum” may pose risks when conception is the goal.
In short: the label matters, but none of the categories are truly risk-free. For couples hoping to maximise fertility, the safest strategy is complete avoidance of all cannabis oils, regardless of formulation.
THC Oil vs. CBD Oil: A Fertility Risk Comparison
THC oil and CBD oil are often framed as opposites — one recreational, the other medicinal. But when fertility is the focus, both carry risks, though in different ways.
THC Oil: The risks are direct and well-documented. THC suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, disrupting hormone signals that regulate ovulation and spermatogenesis. In men, this results in reduced sperm count, concentration, and motility. In women, THC interferes with the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge required for ovulation.
CBD Oil: The main concern is indirect. While CBD is less potent on reproductive hormones than THC, it still interacts with the endocannabinoid system — a key regulator of reproduction. More importantly, most CBD oils on the market are at risk of THC contamination, meaning couples may unknowingly expose themselves to THC’s documented fertility harms.
A systematic review of cannabis and male fertility confirmed that both THC and CBD, as phytocannabinoids, can affect reproductive health by altering hormone signaling, testicular function, and sperm physiology.⁸ The review concluded that cannabis is not a benign compound but a biologically active disruptor of fertility processes.
This means that when comparing THC oil and CBD oil, the risks differ in degree but not in principle. THC poses a direct hormonal risk, CBD poses an indirect and contamination-based risk — but neither is truly safe when trying to conceive.
Comparison Table: THC Oil vs. CBD Oil
Feature | THC Oil | CBD Oil (Wellness Product) |
Direct Impact on Ovulation | High Risk: Proven to suppress LH | Low/Unknown Risk: Direct evidence limited |
Direct Impact on Sperm | Moderate Risk: Reduces count/motility | Low Risk: Limited data; possible indirect effects |
Primary Risk | Direct hormonal interference | THC contamination + ECS disruption |
Regulation | Controlled in legal markets | Poorly regulated; mislabeling common |
Can Cannabis Oils Affect Fertility Treatments like IVF?
For couples undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in-vitro fertilisation (IVF), every detail of hormonal regulation and cellular timing matters. Cannabis oils — whether THC-dominant or mislabeled CBD products — can disrupt this precision.
Research consistently shows that cannabinoids can interfere with the hormonal medications used to regulate ovulation and support embryo implantation. In women, THC exposure may reduce the quality of retrieved eggs and alter the endometrial environment. In men, it may compromise sperm function, lowering fertilisation potential.
The contamination issue is particularly concerning. A 2022 analysis of commercially available CBD products revealed that many contained undeclared amounts of THC — in some cases, enough to cause intoxication and measurable physiological effects.⁹ For couples undergoing IVF, this hidden exposure could mean inadvertently introducing THC into a process that demands stability and predictability.
This helps explain why fertility clinics worldwide advise patients to avoid all cannabis products — oils included — before and during ART cycles. Even if CBD seems safer than THC, the risks of contamination, hormonal disruption, and reduced treatment success are too significant to ignore.
A Practical Guide for Wellness-Focused Couples
For couples planning to conceive, wellness products must be treated with the same scrutiny as prescribed medications. This means asking not only “Does it make me feel better?” but also “Could it interfere with conception or pregnancy?”
While CBD oil is often marketed as a natural stress reliever, the scientific evidence suggests caution. A prospective cohort study following couples actively trying to conceive found that cannabis use was linked to reduced fecundability (the probability of conceiving in a given menstrual cycle) and a higher risk of pregnancy loss.¹⁰ Importantly, these findings applied to both men and women — highlighting that cannabis oils, whether THC- or CBD-based, can have measurable effects on reproductive outcomes.
In practice, this means that couples should prioritise fertility over wellness marketing. A few key guidelines stand out:
Verify or abstain: If considering CBD products, only use those with a third-party Certificate of Analysis (COA) confirming THC-free status. But remember, the safest choice is complete abstinence.
Prioritise the fundamentals: Optimise sleep, stress management, nutrition, and exercise — these lifestyle factors are far more effective in supporting fertility than any oil marketed as “natural.”
Think long-term: Even if cannabis oils offer temporary relief, the potential trade-off could be a delayed conception or complications during pregnancy.
When trying to conceive, the wellness priority shifts. Fertility itself becomes the ultimate wellness goal — and eliminating cannabis oils is one of the simplest steps a couple can take to protect it.
The Gold Standard: Seeking Products with a Certificate of Analysis (COA)
If you’re considering CBD products while trying to conceive, the only way to know what you’re actually putting into your body is through a Certificate of Analysis (COA). This third-party lab report verifies the cannabinoid content and confirms whether THC is present above trace levels.
Unfortunately, most consumers never see or request a COA, leaving them vulnerable to mislabeled products. For couples focused on conception, this is a critical oversight. Even low levels of THC contamination can undermine fertility by disrupting ovulation, sperm function, or embryo implantation.
A systematic review of cannabis and male fertility confirmed that cannabinoids can impair sperm production, motility, and hormonal regulation.¹¹ What’s important here is that the risk was not confined to heavy use; inconsistent labeling and hidden cannabinoid exposure were identified as ongoing threats to reproductive health. In this context, the absence of a COA means you are essentially gambling with your fertility.
While a verified COA reduces uncertainty, experts in reproductive medicine emphasise that abstinence remains the safest standard. When the stakes are as high as successful conception or IVF, no wellness product is worth the risk of introducing even trace amounts of THC
The Safest Approach When Trying to Conceive
Given the growing evidence, the most reliable advice for couples preparing to conceive is straightforward: avoid all cannabis oils, whether THC or CBD. While CBD is often positioned as the “safer” option, the lack of regulation in the market makes it impossible to guarantee purity. Even products labeled as “THC-free” have repeatedly been found to contain enough THC to cause biological effects.
A 2019 investigation confirmed that many adverse reactions attributed to CBD were actually caused by undeclared THC contamination in mislabeled oils.¹² This means that couples could unknowingly expose themselves to the same fertility risks associated with THC — including impaired sperm function, disrupted ovulation, and lower IVF success rates — while believing they were taking a benign wellness supplement.
For couples on the path to parenthood, reproductive health is too important to gamble on labeling accuracy. The most prudent and empowering choice is to adopt a cautious, all-in approach: eliminate all cannabis oils, even those marketed as natural or “clean.”
When viewed through the lens of fertility, abstinence isn’t about restriction — it’s about removing unnecessary risks and creating the best possible environment for conception and pregnancy.
Beyond Fertility: Long-Term and Intergenerational Risks
While most research on cannabis oils and fertility focuses on conception, emerging evidence suggests the risks extend further — into pregnancy health and even offspring outcomes.
Male Reproduction and ECS Disruption — A 2023 review highlighted how phytocannabinoids such as THC and CBD interfere with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) that regulates male reproduction. By disrupting testicular signaling and sperm development, cannabinoids may compromise reproductive potential even when hormone levels appear normal.¹³
Product Quality and Mislabeling — Laboratory screening of CBD oils has revealed that contamination and mislabeling are widespread. A 2021 study used advanced NMR methods to test commercial CBD oils and found substantial variability in cannabinoid content, including undeclared THC.¹⁴ For couples trying to conceive, this means that even premium wellness brands may not deliver what the label promises.
Epigenetic and Pregnancy Outcomes — The most concerning evidence comes from recent work on endocannabinoids in pregnancy. A 2023 study emphasised that the ECS plays a critical role in implantation, placental development, and successful pregnancy.¹⁵ External cannabinoids, whether from THC or CBD oil, risk disturbing these finely tuned processes, with possible intergenerational consequences.
Together, these findings expand the picture: cannabis oils are not just a fertility risk in the short term, but a potential threat to healthy pregnancy and future offspring. For couples, this underscores why repro
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How long before trying to conceive should I stop using cannabis oil?
Most reproductive specialists recommend stopping at least three months before conception for both partners. This allows for a full cycle of sperm development (about 74 days) and for menstrual cycles to stabilise in women.
2. Is CBD oil safer than THC oil for fertility?
Not necessarily. While CBD is less disruptive than THC, it still interacts with the endocannabinoid system, and many commercial products are contaminated with undeclared THC. Both pose risks when conception is the goal.
3. Are topical CBD products (creams, balms) safe for fertility?
Topical CBD has very low absorption into the bloodstream and is generally considered low risk for fertility. However, contamination and poor regulation remain concerns, so reproductive specialists still recommend caution.
4. Can cannabis oils reduce the success of IVF or fertility treatments?
Yes. Research shows that cannabis use, including CBD oils contaminated with THC, is associated with lower IVF success rates. Cannabinoids can interfere with egg quality, sperm function, and embryo implantation.
5. Does cannabis oil affect men and women differently?
Yes. In men, cannabinoids may reduce sperm count, motility, and quality. In women, they can disrupt ovulation and alter the uterine environment, reducing the likelihood of conception.
6. Could cannabis oil use affect future children?
Possibly. Emerging evidence suggests that cannabinoids may cause epigenetic changes in sperm and eggs, which could influence pregnancy health and even offspring development. More research is needed, but the concern is real.
7. What is the safest approach to cannabis oils when trying to conceive?
The safest and most widely recommended approach is to avoid all cannabis oils — THC or CBD — during preconception and fertility treatments. This removes the risk of contamination and protects reproductive health.
Glossary of Key Terms
Cannabinoids: Active chemical compounds found in the cannabis plant, including THC and CBD, that interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system.
Endocannabinoid System (ECS): The body’s internal signaling network that regulates reproduction, mood, and immunity. External cannabinoids can disrupt its balance.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): The primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, known to disrupt ovulation, sperm production, and fertility hormones.
Cannabidiol (CBD): A non-intoxicating cannabinoid marketed as a wellness aid; may still affect fertility and is often contaminated with THC in commercial products.
Certificate of Analysis (COA): A third-party lab report that verifies cannabinoid content in CBD oils. It confirms whether a product contains undeclared THC.
Fecundability: The probability of conceiving during a single menstrual cycle. Reduced fecundability has been linked to cannabis use in men and women.
Epigenetics: Biological changes that affect how genes are expressed without altering DNA sequence. Cannabis exposure has been linked to epigenetic changes in sperm and eggs.
In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF): A form of assisted reproductive technology where eggs and sperm are combined outside the body. Cannabis use has been associated with lower IVF success rates.
Conclusion: A Cautious Approach to Wellness on the Path to Parenthood
So, does cannabis oil affect fertility? The evidence shows that it can — through direct hormonal disruption from THC, indirect risks from CBD, and the very real problem of product contamination. While marketed as natural wellness aids, cannabis oils are far from neutral when conception is the goal.
THC oil poses clear reproductive risks for both men and women, disrupting ovulation and sperm production.
CBD oil may seem safer but is often contaminated with THC, and even pure CBD can interfere with the body’s endocannabinoid system.
For couples pursuing fertility treatments, cannabis oils have been consistently associated with lower success rates in IVF and other assisted reproductive technologies.
Emerging research suggests that cannabinoid exposure could also impact pregnancy health and even have intergenerational consequences.
The bottom line is simple: when trying to conceive, the safest and most effective choice is to avoid all cannabis oils entirely. Fertility is one of the most delicate and valuable aspects of health, and eliminating unnecessary risks gives couples the best chance of achieving their goal — a healthy conception and pregnancy.
Author: Nikola Kojcinovic
Specialist Writer in Psychology & Behavioural Science
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